Can Cannabis Help With ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent patterns of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that interfere with functioning or development. As more people seek alternatives to conventional treatments, cannabis has increasingly been explored for its potential therapeutic effects on various mental health conditions, including ADHD.

This article delves into current research, anecdotal evidence, the roles of THC and CBD, potential risks, and what individuals with ADHD should consider before using cannabis.

Understanding ADHD: Symptoms And Challenges

ADHD affects both children and adults, although symptoms can change over time. Common symptoms include:

• Inattention: Difficulty staying on task, disorganisation, forgetfulness, or lack of attention to detail.
• Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or difficulty staying seated.
• Impulsivity: Interrupting others, making hasty decisions, or acting without thinking.
  

ADHD can affect school performance, workplace productivity, personal relationships, and self-esteem. Treatments often include behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes, and stimulant medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) or amphetamines (Adderall). However, not everyone responds well to these medications, which can have side effects like anxiety, insomnia, and appetite loss. This has prompted some people to seek alternative treatments – including cannabis.

The Cannabis-ADHD Connection: A Growing Interest

Interest in cannabis as a potential therapy for ADHD is increasing, particularly as legalisation spreads and the stigma surrounding medical cannabis decreases. Anecdotal reports from individuals with ADHD suggest that cannabis helps them:

• Focus more easily
• Reduce hyperactivity
• Calm racing thoughts
• Sleep better
• Feel less anxious
  

Some users report that cannabis helps them self-regulate emotions and reduces the mental “noise” often experienced with ADHD.

THC Vs. CBD: Different Cannabinoids, Different Effects

Cannabis contains many compounds called cannabinoids. The two most well-known are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), and each affects the brain differently.

THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

THC is the psychoactive component of cannabis that causes the “high.” It binds to CB1 receptors in the brain, influencing mood, memory, coordination, and perception. For people with ADHD, THC might:

• Help calm the mind temporarily
• Improve mood
• Increase dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in attention and motivation
  

However, excessive amounts of THC may also cause:

• Impaired memory and cognitive function
• Increased anxiety or paranoia
• Dependency with frequent use

CBD (Cannabidiol)

CBD is non-psychoactive and is often praised for its calming and anti-inflammatory properties. It interacts differently with the endocannabinoid system and does not produce a high. For people with ADHD, CBD may help:

• Reduce anxiety and restlessness
• Improve sleep
• Minimise THC’s side effects
• Support emotional regulation
  

CBD is generally better tolerated than THC and may be more suitable for long-term use in ADHD management.

What Does The Research Say?

Scientific evidence on cannabis and ADHD is still limited and sometimes contradictory. However, several small studies and reviews offer some insight:

• A 2017 study published in European Neuropsychopharmacology tested a cannabis-based medication (Sativex) on 30 adults with ADHD. The results showed slight improvements in hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention, though the sample size was small.

• A 2016 survey published in PLoS ONE found that adults with ADHD symptoms reported symptom relief when using cannabis, especially when using higher-CBD strains.

• A 2013 study published in Substance Use & Misuse indicated that individuals with ADHD were more likely to use cannabis regularly, possibly as a form of self-medication.

Risks And Considerations

While some people report benefits, cannabis use – especially frequent or early use – can carry risks, particularly for people with ADHD who may already be vulnerable to substance misuse. Key risks include:

• Mild cognitive impairment: Long-term use, especially of high-THC strains, may worsen memory and executive functioning – which are already areas of struggle in ADHD.

• Dependency: ADHD is linked to a higher risk of developing substance use disorders. Regular cannabis use can become habit-forming.

• Mental health complications: High doses of THC may increase anxiety or trigger symptoms of psychosis in susceptible individuals.

• Interactions with ADHD medications: Cannabis may interact with prescribed stimulants, potentially affecting mood or blood pressure.

Microdosing: A Growing Trend

Some people with ADHD have reported benefits from microdosing cannabis – using very small amounts of THC (typically 2.5 mg or less) to stimulate focus and reduce anxiety without experiencing a high. This approach is anecdotal and not widely researched, but it aligns with the idea that lower doses may provide therapeutic benefits while minimising negative side effects.

It is essential to approach microdosing with caution and under medical supervision, especially for individuals using other medications or managing coexisting mental health conditions.

Cannabis Strains That May Help With ADHD Symptoms

Not all cannabis is the same. The type of strain, cannabinoid ratio, and terpene profile can significantly impact the effects. Some users find the following strain categories helpful:

• Sativa-dominant strains (e.g., Green Crack, Jack Herer): May increase focus and energy, but too much can lead to anxiety in some users.
• High-CBD strains (e.g., Charlotte’s Web, ACDC): Offer calming effects without intoxication.
• Balanced THC:CBD strains (e.g., Harlequin): May provide symptom relief with less psychoactivity.

Should You Use Cannabis For ADHD?

Cannabis may offer symptom relief for some individuals with ADHD, particularly in cases where conventional treatments are ineffective or cause intolerable side effects. However, it is not a one-size-fits-all solution.

Consider Cannabis If

• You are an adult with treatment-resistant ADHD
• You experience high anxiety or insomnia
• You have access to legal, regulated cannabis products
• You are working with a medical professional

Avoid Cannabis If

• You have a personal or family history of psychosis
• You are prone to addiction or already misuse substances
• There are already other medications that work for you

Medical/Legal Considerations

Before considering cannabis for ADHD, users must understand their local laws. Where cannabis is legal, using it for ADHD should involve:

• Consulting a doctor or psychiatrist
• Getting a medical cannabis prescription (where required)
• Monitoring effects and side effects
• Avoiding high-THC products without guidance
  
  

Cannabis may offer certain therapeutic benefits for individuals with ADHD, particularly when using low-dose or high-CBD products under medical supervision. While anecdotal evidence and early research suggest it may help with focus, sleep, and emotional regulation, there are also potential risks, especially for young people and those with existing mental health vulnerabilities. More comprehensive, large-scale studies are needed before cannabis can be confidently recommended as a mainstream treatment for ADHD.